Providing adequate trace minerals (cobalt, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, selenium and zinc) to dairy cows can improve health, productivity and reproductive efficiency but conversely excess trace minerals can have the opposite effects. When deciding formulation strategies for trace minerals, nutritionists need to balance the risk and cost of a deficiency with the risk and cost of excessive supply. This webinar will discuss factors nutritionists need to consider to reduce those risks and provide practical guidelines that can be used to formulate effective diets.