Aerosols, suspended particulate matters in the atmosphere, have important impacts on climate change, air pollution, vegetation-atmosphere-marine ecosystems, polar environments, and even solar geoengineering. As an effective means to increase the radiation resolution in remote sensing detection, polarization can play an important role in improving aerosol detection. Since 2018, China has continuously launched a number of different types of polarization sensors (DPC, SMAC, PSAC, etc.) onboard satellites such as GaoFen-5, GaoFenDuoMo, HuanJing-2A and HuanJing-2B for the detection of aerosols, clouds, water vapor, and surface parameters. This presentation introduces this new generation of polarization sensors and their applications in remote sensing of atmospheric particles.