In this lecture, Prof. Dr. med. Matthias Klein (Emergency Department Klinikum Großhadern, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany), through clinical cases, present a review of meningitis/encephalitis symptoms, procedure, conventional diagnosis, and treatments, before showing the interest of syndromic PCR, and the impacts of the BioFire® FilmArray® Meningitis/Encephalitis panel on antibiotic therapy and hospital stay reduction.